Humans (Homo sapiens) are intelligent, social mammals (primates) characterized by large brains, bipedalism (walking on two legs), complex language, tool use, and sophisticated culture, evolving from apelike ancestors in Africa around 300,000 years ago and spreading globally, forming diverse communities. Key traits include abstract thought, empathy, advanced tool-making, and intricate social structures, distinguishing them from other species through high cognitive abilities and cultural development.